Frequência de rupturas agudas de placas e fibroateromas de capa fina em locais de estenose máxima / Frecuencia de rupturas agudas de placas y fibroateromas de capa fina en locales de estenosis máxima / Frequency of acute plaque ruptures and thin cap atheromas at sites of maximal stenosis

FUNDAMENTO: Poucos estudos de autópsia relacionam locais de fibroateromas de capa fina (FCF) a locais de ruptura aguda de placas em artérias responsáveis, e locais de estreitamento máximo em artérias não responsáveis. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi quantificar e localizar a frequência de FCF em relação aos locais de estenose máxima em placas ateroscleróticas. MÉTODOS: Estudamos 88 corações em vítimas de morte súbita devido a um tromo coronariano sobreposta a ruptura aguda da placa. Fibroateromas de capa fina foram definidos como capa fibrosa < 65 mícrons sobrepostos a um núcleo necrótico. O percentual de estreitamento luminal foi determinado nos locais de ruptura de placa e fibroateromas de capa fina. RESULTADOS: O estudo foi composto por 81 homens e 7 mulheres com idade média de 50 anos ± 9 DP. A ruptura da placa se deu no local de estreitamento luminal máximo em 47 por cento das artérias responsáveis. Observou-se a presença de FCFs em 67 corações (83 por cento). Desse número, 49 (73 por cento) demonstravam FCFs na artéria responsável; 17 (25 por cento) apenas na artéria responsável, 32 (48 por cento) na artéria responsável e na artéria não responsável, e 18 (27 por cento) apenas em uma artéria não responsável. Em artérias não responsáveis, os FCFs representaram o local máximo da estenose em 44 por cento das artérias. O local da ruptura aguda foi o local do estreitamento luminal máximo nos vasos envolvidos em 47 por cento de corações de pacientes próximos do óbito devido à ruptura da placa. CONCLUSÃO: Esses dados podem sugerir que o estreitamento luminal não é um marcador confiável para FCF.

BACKGROUND: There have been few autopsy studies relating sites of thin cap atheroma (TCFA) to sites of acute plaque rupture in culprit arteries, and sites of maximal narrowing in non-culprit arteries. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to quantify and locate the frequency of TCFA related to the sites of maximal stenosis in atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS: We studied 88 hearts in victims of sudden death dying with coronary thrombus overlying acute plaque rupture. Thin cap atheromas were defined as fibrous cap < 65 microns overlying a necrotic core. Percent luminal narrowing was determined at the sites of plaque rupture and thin cap atheromas. RESULTS: There were 81 men and 7 women, mean age 50 years ± 9 SD. The plaque rupture was the site of maximal luminal narrowing in 47 percent of culprit arteries. TCFAs were present in 67 hearts (83 percent). Of these, 49 (73 percent) demonstrated TCFAs in the culprit artery; 17 (25 percent) in the culprit artery only, 32 (48 percent) in the culprit artery and in a non-culprit artery, and 18 (27 percent) only in a non-culprit artery. In non-culprit arteries, TCFAs represented the maximal site of stenosis in 44 percent of arteries. The acute rupture site is the site of maximal luminal narrowing in the involved vessel in 47 percent of hearts from patients dying with acute plaque rupture. CONCLUSION: These data may suggest that luminal narrowing is not a reliable marker for TCFA.

FUNDAMENTO: Pocos estudios de autopsia relacionan locales de fibroateromas de capa fina (FCF) a locales de ruptura aguda de placas en arterias responsables, y locales de estrechamiento máximo en arterias no responsables. OBJETIVO: El objetivo del presente estudio fue cuantificar y localizar la frecuencia de FCF con relación a los locales de estenosis máxima en placas ateroscleróticas. MÉTODOS: Estudiamos 88 corazones en víctimas de muerte súbita debido a un trombo coronario sobrepuesto a ruptura aguda de la placa. Fibroateromas de capa fina fueron definidos como capa fibrosa < 65 micrones sobrepuestos a un núcleo necrótico. El porcentaje de estrechamiento luminal fue determinado en los locales de ruptura de placa y fibroateromas de capa fina. RESULTADOS: El estudio estuvo compuesto por 81 hombres y 7 mujeres con edad promedio de 50 años ± 9 SD. La ruptura de la placa se dio en el local de estrechamiento luminal máximo en el 47 por ciento de las arterias responsables. Se observó la presencia de FCFs en 67 corazones (83 por ciento). De ese número, 49 (73 por ciento) mostraban FCFs en la arteria responsable; 17 (25 por ciento) sólo en la arteria responsable, 32 (48 por ciento) en la arteria responsable y en la arteria no responsable, y 18 (27 por ciento) sólo en una arteria no responsable. En arterias no responsables, los FCFs representaron el local máximo de la estenosis en el 44 por ciento de las arterias. El local de la ruptura aguda fue el local del estrechamiento luminal máximo en los vasos involucrados en el 47 por ciento de corazones de pacientes próximos al óbito debido a la ruptura de la placa. CONCLUSIÓN: Estos datos pueden sugerir que el estrechamiento luminal no es un marcador confiable para FCF.

Recontrucción tardía con aloinjerto de ruptura del mecanismo extensor después de artroplastia total de rodilla: resultado preliminar / Delayed reconstruction with allogarft extensor mechanism rupture after total arthroplasty: preliminary results

Entre mayo de 2003 y mayo de 2006 cuatro pacientes que habían sufrido ruptura del mecanismo extensor después de una artroplastia total de rodilla fueron sometidos a reconstrucción tardía usando aloinjerto liofilizandos de tendón de Aquiles. El promedio de edad era de 70, 75 (70-72) años. Por lo menos 3 cirugías anteriores en promedio. Todos los pacientes alcanzaron un alivio del dolor con un promedio de seguimiento de 16, 75 (3-38) meses. Dos pacientes presentaron en el post operatorio retardo para la extensión de -100 (50%) y dos de -400 (50%), comparado al promedio preoperatorio de -650. La deambulación apoyando todo el peso fue posible en todos los pacientes; sin embargo dos pacientes usaban bastón (50%) y dos andadera (50%).

Neonatal bladder rupture.

Neonatal bladder rupture is rare as a complication of bladder obstruction due to abnormal anatomy or iatrogenic cause such as umbilical catheterization. The present study describes the case of a 27-day old infant with ascites due to bladder perforation secondary to bladder wall necrosis as a result of severe urinary tract infection. The baby was treated aggressively with antibiotics and underwent successful surgical repair of the perforation.

Pathomorphologic study of the fibrous cap and fatty core of coronary arthrosclerotic plaque in sudden coronary death / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#The differences in the thickness of fibrous cap and the percentage of fatty core of the coronary atherosclerotic plaques between sudden coronary death (SCD) group and the control group were investigated.@*METHODS@#Sixty-four autopsy cases were divided into SCD and control groups. Samples were taken from the most severely damaged portions of the coronary atherosclerotic plaques, sectioned, stained with HE, and the percentage of examined by light microscopy for morphologic changes and structural alternations. Image analysis system was adopted to compare the thickness of fibrous cap and percentage of fatty core in the whole plaque between the two groups, and allthe data were analyzed and calculated with SPSS 11.5 statistic software.@*RESULTS@#There were 15 grade III and 21 grade IV atherosclerotic cases found in the SCD group, while there were 16 and 12 found in the control group, respectively. Although no significant differences on the severity of atherosclerosis were found between the two groups (P > 0.05), there were significant differences on the thickness of the fibrous cap and the percentage of fatty core found between the two groups (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Our study indicates that there are significant differences in the thickness of fibrous cap and the percentage of fatty core in atherosclerosis plaques between the SCD group and the control group. These observed differences may be helpful for morphological diagnosis of SCD.

Cecal rupture by Anoplocephala perfoliata infection in a thoroughbred horse in Seoul Race Park, South Korea

A 7-year-old Thoroughbred horse was admitted to the Equine Hospital, Korea Racing Association with signs of colic. Based on the size of impactions, the clinical signs, the results of abdominal paracentesis and medical treatment, the prognosis was poor. The horse died 3 hours later following hopeless discharge. At necropsy, the caecum and large colon were fully filled with fecal contents and there was a rupture (10 cm in dia) in the latero- ventral caecum. The mucosa of the ileo-caecal and caeco- colic valves appeared to the hyperemic, edematous and ulcerous. There were many tapeworms in the affected mucosa. Histopathologically, lesions included hyperaemia, a deep necrotic inflammatory lesion and ulcers in the mucosa and submucosa of ileo-caecal and caeco-colic valves. One hundred thirty four faecal samples were obtained from 16 stables and submitted to parasitic examination. A total of 4 genera of eggs were recovered: Stongylus spp (82.1%), Anoplocephala perfoliata (10.5%), Bovicola equi (0.7%) and Parascaris equorum (1.5%). The major findings in this study are the presence of A perfoliata and its suspected association with the colic which led into an eventual caecal rupture. This study indicates the needs for an epidemiological survey of colic that is associated with Anoplocephala.

Angiosarcoma del corazón y su ruptura espontánea. Rara causa de pericarditis efusivo-constrictiva. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Angiosarcoma of the heart and its spontaneous rupture. A rare cause of effusive-constrictive pericarditis. A case report and review of the literature

The authors present the clinical history of a male 44 year old patient who was hospitalized with the diagnosis of pericardial constriction and effusion and operated on as an emergency because of spontaneous cardiac rupture and was found to have a cardiac adenosarcoma. They review the literature in order to discuss a very rare cause of hemopericardium and constrictive pericarditis with epidemiologic, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic commentaries and secondly, to try to establish if this type case does not represent a diagnostic problem for the ecocardiographer since an angiosarcoma that occupies the pericardial space can be confused with a hemopericardium. They also mention other imaging studies that are used to better characterize and diagnose these tumors